Fraud in Iberian Ham

Iberian Ham Fraud: Protecting a Gastronomic Treasure

“Iberian ham fraud” represents a significant threat to the integrity and reputation of this gem of Spanish gastronomy. As demand for authentic Iberian ham skyrockets globally, with a 56% increase in exports since 2020, protecting its authenticity becomes paramount. The Interprofessional Association of Iberian Pork (ASICI) is leading efforts to protect this product from counterfeiting by creating a Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) for Iberian Pork.

The main objective is to ensure that the term “Iberian” accurately reflects products originating from all over Spain, avoiding consumer deception. This initiative seeks to standardize quality and origin throughout the Iberian ham sector.

Asici has initiated discussions with the main Iberian-producing autonomous communities: Andalusia, Extremadura, Castilla y León, and Castilla-La Mancha. Future plans include meetings with the four Denominations of Origin (DO) associated with the Iberian pig: Dehesa de Extremadura, Jabugo, Guijuelo, and Los Pedroches, along with the Ministry of Agriculture.

Raúl García, president of Asici, noted that only 15% of production is currently protected under a DO or PGI, and emphasized that the new PGI will complement, not compete with, existing quality certifications. Paredes clarified that while DOs protect specific regional products, they do not safeguard the broader term “Iberian.”

The proposed PGI seeks to extend “Iberian” protection to the entire national territory, requiring that a specific quality, reputation, or characteristic be attributable to a particular geographic location. This contrasts with DOs, which require all stages of production to occur within a designated area. This measure is crucial to combat “Iberian ham fraud” by verifying origin and preventing mislabeling.

Cases of fraudulent labeling, such as products falsely claiming “Jabugo” or “Pata Negra” origins, have been reported, even in markets such as France. The PGI will improve traceability and consumer confidence, ensuring that buyers receive authentic Iberian ham.

Despite the challenges of fraud, the cured ham export market, both Iberian and white-layer, has experienced record growth, reaching €722.14 million by the end of 2024. China remains a strategic market, with exports exceeding €28 million, marking a nearly 60% increase in value over five years.

Traditional markets such as France, Germany, and the United States remain important importers. The United States, a leading non-EU destination, is seen as a stable market with no anticipated trade barriers.

In conclusion, establishing a PGI is a critical step in combating “Iberian ham fraud,” ensuring that this culinary treasure maintains its integrity and continues to thrive in the global marketplace.